Method of hair waving



G. FREUDENBERG ET AL Re 21,994

Jan. 6, 1942;

METHOD oF HAIR. wAvING original Filed Feb. 5, 1956 a sheets-sheet 1 i QQ; @o lNvENToRs ATTORNEYS Jan. 6, 1942.` G. FREUDENBERG E-rAl.

METHOD 0F HAIR WAVING 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed Feb. 5, 1936 EN. im 44 l'ATTORNEYS f `lam. 6, 1942.

G. FREUDENBERG ETAL METHOD OF HAIRWAVING Original Filed Feb. 3,v 1956 8 Sheets-Sheet ,5

lllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllll'lllllll H. 5. ,ef/M595 ATTORNEYS Jan. 6, 1942. G". FREuDr-:NBEG ETAL R 21,994

METHOD OF HAIR WAVING original Fiied Feb. s, 1956 8 sheets-sheet 4 Y MUWSQM..

NRM

Jan- 6j 1942- G. FREUDENBRG -E|A| Re. 21,994

' METHOD 0F HAIR'WAVING original Filed Feb. s, 195e a sheets-sheets 610 325 f7.9 17a I749. 70. ff I INVENTORS' FEFUDE/VBEEG v 9. E. ,ef/756s Coeli/N6 r.

ATTORNEYS @FREUDENBERG ErL y Re@ 21,994

` METHOD 0F HAIR wAvING Jan. 6, 1942.

Original Filed Feb. 5, 1956 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 '1y {.ff. 'um v 13942' ATTORN EYS Lviv a vsheets-sheet '1,

METHOD 0F HAIR WAVING G. FREUDENBERG* TAL original Filed Feb., s, 195e Jan. s, A1942.

m5 mw Jan. 6, 1942- G. FREUDENBERG ErAL I R15-'21,994 METHQD 0F HAIR WAVING 4 original Filed Feb. ,3, 193s s sheets-sheet a appliedv Reissued Jam 194 2 .UNITED STATES PATENT 'o1-FICE METHOD or nam wAvING V Ohio Original No. 2,108,963, dated February 22, 1938,

Serial No. 62,094, February 3, 1936. Application for reissue March 28, 1941, Serial No,

28 claims. (ci. isz-3s) The present invention relates to a method and mechanical system for hair waving. s

Although the present invention has broad ap-` plication to methods of hair waving generally v where the vhair is submitted to the inuence o f heat to cause it to take on permanent wave characteristics, the present invention, however, will be illustratively described in connection with the processes of Croquignole hair waving.

In methods oi Croquignole hair waving in use up to-the present time, it was customary to block of! the hair on the womans head in squares ory small `areas and to gather the strand of hair from each area into a strand which strand was clamped closely adjacent to the scalp by means y of a clamping device.

The end of the strand was wound up on the curling rodY until the curling rod reached the clamp whereupon the curling rod was fitted into pivotal mounts in the clamp and was tightened up by a key and cooperating ratchet combination on the clamp and curling rod.

After the coil or hair had been suitably clamped and placed on the curling rods as described, and ai'ter such curling rods had been placed upon the clamp,and'tightened, a small pad having a felt or fabric face moistened with a suitable salution with an impermeable foil and/or paper backing outwardly was placed on the hair coil.

The pad was then clamped into position` by an electrical heating device consisting o! two elongatedl semicircular jaw elements which f were spring pressed together and which were provided with electrical resistance heating units, each of the clamps being preferably connected by insulated wires to a hair waving machine having suitable electrical connections or electrical controls and enabling control oi' the heating eilect oi' the heating devices or heaters. In this process of hair wavingthe heat applied by the heating clamp to the pad and to the curl oi hair inside would gradually increase over a y period of time until the treatment has been completed.

. Y Moreover, with processes ofthe character just described, it was not possible readily to control theamount of heat applied and the amount of heat tended vto increase' toward the end ci the treating process before the heaters were removed with the result that the temperature applied to the hair inside the hair waving pad would rapidly increase particularly when too little solution ,was

evaporated.

and 'after all the moisturev had beenl hang down from the hair waving machine or hair waving rhead to the various heaters positioned above the clamps of or around the head of the woman whose hair was being waved not only gave thewornan a sense of being encaged and being subjected to some unpleasant operation, and in addition, caused the person whose hair was being waved to remain in substantially xed position without being able to move about, read or indulge in other recreation.

The process also took considerable time, usually requiring a preheating period of 31/2 minutes, a

heating and steaming period of 5 minutes and a cooling period oi'.5 minutes, a total of about 131/2 minutes before the heaters could be removed.

Other methods of hairwaving have also been 1 this type of-pad was notsatisfactory and the chemical material, although carefully prepared and graded, would nevertheless give uneven eiiects.

In addition, the pads would be subjected to the action oi the atmosphere, moisture, and temperature before being applied to the'hair and this also would causea substantial variation in the heating powers of the pad.

Itis one of the objects Aof the present invention to provide an improved process of hair waving and particularly Croquignole hair waving in .which the customer would not be constrained or caused to remain in iixed position without beingable to move her head freely, which will eliminate the necessity oi' having a large number oi.' wires extending down from the machine to the head o! the customer. and which at the same time, permit an accurate and careful control of the heat applied to the hair, and which further would substantially shorten the period during which the heaters are applied to the hair `and the time required to complete the permanent wave.

With such ashorter wavingoperation,` a greater burden is placed upon the operator since the time periods of the shorter heating operations become more critical and in addition the operator must function with greater rapidity sind increased accuracy.

It is therefore a further'object of the presentv invention to provide ay heating arrangement which will enable a more accurate control of the amount of heat applied to the hair being curled and the temperature of the heaters when so applied, independent of the thought or Judgment of the operator.' which although itA may be ,manu- 'sacca relay and which will be thrown out of operation to open the circuit by a thermostat. the heating coil of which may be connected in parallel with the resistance heater. I

. One type of signal may be provided to be illaminated when the main heating current-is on and another type of signal may be provided to indicate when the heating rods and heaters thereon are still being maintained by proper temperature vafter the mainv heating current has been turned oil'.

v In the preferred construction, the heating machine is so correlated in respect to the head of .Other objects will be obviousv or will appear during the course of the following specification.

In the preferred construction, the machine is provided with a plurality of heater rods, arranged in series or in groups, so that assurance will be had that' the heaters will ybe elevated to the proper temperature, even though a considerable time elapse between the time that the rst heater is placed upon thepad encircling the' coiled hair and the last heater has been placed in position upon the hair coils of the same person or customer. Each rod may contain-a resistance coil wound so as to lassure a uniform distribution of heat therealong.

The hair heater or heater clamp which will hereafter be called the heater, preferably consists of two semi-circular clamping heat-storing members of a suitable magnesium alloy, devoid of resistance heating means, `but which may be hair being treated that the heating machine is provided with a series of signals indicating to the operator the time at which the heaters may be applied to the hair and taken away from the hair.

By using the pre-heating arrangement, as above described, it is possible to decrease the waving period by half since with the method just described; the pre-heating takes place before the heaters are on the head for a period of 41/2 heated to a proper temperature when placed on the heating rods which are constructed so as to enable the heater to be placed thereon and which will insure a predetermined amount of heat being transmitted to and stored up in said heater.

"It has been found desirable to provide a test rod to receive aI plurality of heaters to enable a determination of the most satisfactory steaming -minutes while the steaming period with the heaters on the head may be 2 minutes or less, after which the heaters are removed and replaced on the heating rods.

It has been foundsatisfactory to utilize a hair.

waving method or process in whichathe hair is clamped close to the roots and then coiled upon a curling rod and afxed' with assurance that` there will be as little space as possible between the coil of hair upon the curling rod and the scalp, the heater and the curling rod lbeing4 adapted to cooperate'in such a manner that the waving may be carried out vey close or substan-l tially adjacent to the scalp with a minimum space required for the clamping operation and period and also to provide a plurality of additional rods to receive and lpreheat the heaters employed during the hair waving operation.

' Because of the speed of operation it has been found desirable not to heat all the heaters at one time, but justgsufiicient at a time so that when they have been elevated to proper temperature and theI electrical current cut off, they may be conveniently allapplied to the prepared hair coils beforeV any of the heaters fall to too low a l temperature. I

' To assume maximum accuracy and relieve the operator itis desirable to provide an automatically controlled, manually initiated electrical circuit arrangementV which will cut oif the current` to the heating rods whenv the heaters have been raised to proper temperature and which will also indicate when the heaters have thereafter fallen to too low a temperature to be utilized.

This will avoid -the possibility of the heaters overheating due to oversight on the part of the operator and also will relieve thenecessity for the operator to calculate or set the heating time, as

heretofore, and will further make it unnecessary for the operator to turn oif the heating current when the heaters have been raised to proper temperature.

The preferred form of circuit for this purpose is -a thermostatically controlledcircuit with a mainrrelayswitch whichjwill be thrown in to energize the heating upon manual actuation of the-energizing circuit for the solenoid of the when bent over the coiled for the pivotal mounting of the curling rod.

It was found desirable to form the hair waving pad of a triple layer construction, the inner layer being made of'fiannel or felt and the backing consisting of parchment paper which is pasted at the sides tothe flannel. 'I'he foil'constituting the intermediate layer. should preferably be loosely held between said paperand absorbent and be of suiiicient thickness to retain its shape hair.

The above and other objects will appear more clearly from the following detailed description. which when taken in connection with vthe accompanying drawings, will illustrate preferred embodiments of the inventive idea.

Referring to the drawings: y

Figure 1 is a front elevational view of the heating machine with the cover opened.

Figure 2 is a side sectional view on the line 2-2 of Figure 1 with the cover in position. 1

Figure 3 is a showing of the heater rods of Figure 1 upon the line I-I of Figure 2 with the cover plates partly removed to show the internal construction uponan enlarged scale. Figure 4 is a fragmentary sectional view on the line l-I of Figure 3 upon an enlarged scale showing the construction and mounting of the ends of the heater rods.

Figure 5 is' a-fragmentary side sectional view similar to Figure 2 but on enlarged scale, upon` Figures 7, 'la and 8`show one form of thermo- ,I

stat, Figures .'l and 8 being respectively side elevational andtop elevational views, the resistance side elevational view YSerial No. 52,520, led

heater being removed from the thermostat in Figure 8 and Figure' 7a being a side view upon the line 'la--la oi Figure 7.

Figures 9 and 10 are alternative wiring diagrams illustrating the electrical connections to the heatingrods and to the controls of Figures l to 8. Y. Y Figures 1l and 12 show the heater, Figure 11 being the side elevational view of the heater in position upon the heating rod and Figure 12 being a transverse sectional view on the line I2-l2 of Figure 11, both being upon enlarged scale.l

Figure 13 is a top perspective view illustrating how a vstrand of hair is wound upon the curling rod and then placed in position on the heater.

. Figure 14 is an inside view ofA one form of hair waving pad which may be utilized to enclose the coil of hair upon the curling rod oi' Figure 13,-

part oi' the pad being broken away to show the intermediate layer of foil.

tional view ofl the coil of hair upon the curling rod enclosed in the heater.

` Figure 17 is a diagrammatic plan view similar to Figs. 9 and 10 of another electrical wiring diagram for the device of Figures lto but utilizing a diil'erent thermostat construction.

Figures 18, 18a, 18h and 19 illustrate the ther-` mostat construction utilized in -the circuit of Figure 17; Flgure'lB being a transverse sectional view en the line |8-l8 of Figure 19; Figure l8a` being a cross sectional viewupontheline IBa-Ia of Figure 18; Figure 18h being a bottom elevational view on the line lab- |812 o1 Figure 18a and Figure 19 being -a side elevational View on the line I9-i9 of Figure 18.

Figure 20 is a chart including curves illustrating the operation of 'the machine o1' Figures l to 5 in heating the heaters of Figures 11, l2 and 13 and also illustrating the steaming of the coil of hair after the "heater has been placed in position as shown in Figures 15 and 16.2

First, briefly to describe the process of permanently waving hair. the head of4 the woman is divided into areas andthe strands 38 of hair from Aeach of these? areas are collected and clamped closely adjacent to the scalp by the clamping device A of Figure 13 which is provided with a base 25 on which is pivotally mounted at 21, the rubber enclosed 'clamping arm 25. One end of th'e bar 25 carries ay pivotal mount 25 for the curling rod 29 and also the pawl 50 to cooperate with the ratchet 3| on the curling rod 29.

The other pivotmount 29 is carried by the end of sociated with the latch 22 which enables the' arm 26 to be clamped against the side of the base 25 as best indicated at Figure 13. e

These clamping devices A are more fullysh'own and described and also claimed in Patent No. 2,078,460, issued on application oi' Otto Selter,

December 2, 1935. 'I'ne end of the strand 35 is then placed upon 52 for the curler rod the arm 28 and is asthe curling rod 25, as shown in Figure i3, and the nger I5. is closed down upon it. such linger l5 being pivotally mounted upon the curling rod 25 at. j Y

The strand of lhair 25 is then wound up on the v curling rod 25 until the curlingl rod reaches the Sectional bearing 31 of the curling rod 29 may be placed on the pivot mount 32 and the somewhat larger pivot bearing 35 ofthe curling rod 25 may be placed in the.pivot bearing 2l.

The pawl 20 is resilient and will snap onto the `ratchet 2|.

The squared, extension 25 at the end o1 lthe curling. rod 28 enables the curling rod 25 to be tightened by a suitable key (not shown) whereby the hair may be tightened.

It will be noted that the pivot mounts 2l and .i and then tightened bythe operation.just described they may` be enclosed in hair waving pads. 'one of which is shown in Figure 14.

1 These hair waving pads consist vof a sheet of ilannel or felt '49 to which maybe applied a suitable treating solution, one Yform of pad being about,2l/2 square, and being adapted to receive between 1 to 4 cc. of a suitable treating iluid about 2 c c. being preferred.

The back of the pad is formed by the sheet of impermeable fabric or parchment paper Il,

the side edges o!k which are bent over, as indicated at 42 and glued or pasted downto the face of the fabric I0. Between the paper back Il andv the fabric face I0 isthe ioil I3, which may be desirably aluminum foil and Iwhich is preferably of such a thickness, say between 0.001 Ato 0.003 and preferably about 0.002 inch, that it will retain the pad in position about the coil of hair uponthe curling rod 29.

Then, after all of the clamped and coiled strands 55 of hair have been enclosed in the moistened pads, as show n in Figure 14, the heaters B, as shownin Figures l1 and'l2, are heated upon the heater rods of the machine of Figures 1 to 5 and placed upon the hair, as indicated in i Figures 15 and 16.

The heaters B, as shownvrin Figures 11 and 12, are each provided with two a11oy-meta1` heats storing jaws I4, the alloy metal for example benesium, 4 to 6% of aluminumand 1/4 to ing metal knownas Dow metal or some other alloy, for example containing magnesium and small amounts ci' aluminum and manganese.

Among the preferred alloys which may be utilized are those containing about 93 to 96% mag- 1/e of 1% of manganese.

In one construction which has `been found satisfactory the cylindrical metal jaws or heat storing members 44 are made about 2% inches in length, about it to` inch in thickness and about "/4 inch in width having a weight of about 16 grams or between about 14 to 18 grams.

The specic gravityof the metal used is preferably. about 1.76 to 1.82.

The edges of these jaws il are rounded as indicated at l5 as shown in Figure `12 at 55L andv they are intermedially bulged as indicated at Il pivotal mounts 28 and v32, whereupon the pivotl v u andtothese spacerdisks' are connected by thesame rivets the .ends

and at their upper extensions 82 are screwedor riveted as indicated at 58 to the lower ends 54 of the Bakelite or heat insulating iinger pieces 55.' The sides of the members 5| are provided with inturned ears 58 which receive the pivot rod 51.

The pivot rod 51 receives the spring 58, the legs 58 and 88 of which press the two nger grip elements 55 apart and the Jaws 44 together..

The iinger pieces 55 are provided with the slots 88 andl 8|, the outside area of the linger 'piece around the slot 8| being 'preferably grooved or corrugated to enable avconvenient finger grip thereon. f' v The lower slots 88 and the spacer disks 48, as

`shown in Figures 11 and 12 limit or decrease the amount of heat which may be transmitted from the heater jaws '44 to the. portion of the finger pieces 55 around the slot 8| which is handled by the operator.

It will be noticed that the jaws of the heater A44 of Figures 11 and 12 are curved not only so as conveniently to grip the coil of hair indicated at 85 in Figure 16, but also the heating rod 15 as shown-in Figures 11 and 12, the operation of which rod 15 is now to be more fully described in connection with the construction of Figures l. to 5 and the wiring diagram of Figure 9 and the thermostatlc controls of Figures 7 andI 8.

Referring to Figures l to 6, the pre-heater machine is provided with a test heating rod 15 and having suflicient placefor two heaters as shown in Figures 11 and 12. A group of three heating rods 18y having room for 15 heaters and another group of three heating rods 11 having room for 15 more heaters are also shown in Figures 11 and 12, al1 carried .on the panel structure M. 4

- The panel structure M, as shown in Figures l and 2 is provided with a sheet metal stand or support 18, the base 19 of which is provided with rollers or other floor contact members 88. TheVA lower portion of the casing 18 forms a comparti ment 8| receivingl the drawers 82 carrying the various supplies such as treating solution, -hair waving pads, and so forth, as shown in Figure 14,

the front portion of which takes barrel form, as 55 indicated at 81. The barrel 81 is intermediately cut away at 88 (see Figure 1) to form an opening through which panel structure M carrying the heating rods 15 to 18 is accessible. ".lhe sides of the ||8.

The side `plates ||8 of the recess 88 are provided with angle runways 88 carrying a sliding barrel shaped cover 8| by the tongueslia (see Figures 2, 4 and 5). The angle runways 88 are welded at their vertical sides ||1 to said side plates ||8 (see Figure 4). The. slide plates ||8 are connected by the angles |28 to the casing i top 9|, the flange |2I oi the angle member |28 conforming to and being bolted, welded or riveted to the curved portion |22 oi the casing |18 see Figure 4).

The cover 8| is provided with ahandle 82 A(see v Figures 1 and 5). Whcnvthe sliding door 8| is opened 40mm1nto the endsI of they -'^"are inserted the connector elements |84 which opening are walled in by the side plates gg 85 it is-stopped by contact oi its end iiange 88 against the flange 94 projecting outwardly from the face plate 85 or the panel structure M. v

When the sliding cover 8| has been moved upwardly to close the recess 88 of Figure 1, the vinturned flange 88 will vbe stopped agaist the down turned i'lange portion -98 (see Figure 5) from the top 91 or the casing 18 and will be locked in position by the spring locks 98 which are positioned l0 in the runway 88.

The panel structure M includes the base mem- 'ber ||8, of say laminated Bakelite or some other relatively strong insulating `material.

The Bakelite plate ||8 is connected by the stud i 15 bolts and nuts |I| to the lower flange ||2 of the bracket ||8 which at theupper end oi its side flange |I4 is bolted at ||5 to the dependent side-wall members |8.

, The hanger member ||8 also provided with'an inturned portion |28 as shown in Figure 4 which 'contacts with the periphery of the face of the vplate 95.

The sides -of the panel ||0 (see Figure 1) receive the insulating bars |24, |24', |242 which are 25. provided with studs |25 filling in recesses or bores |28 in said panel to fix the position thereof.

The bars |24, |24', and |24a are provided with recesses |21 which receive the end of the shells |28 of the heater rods 15, 18 and 11.

30 Referring to Figure 4, each of the heater bars 15, 18 and 11 are provided with a1 central rod |29 of porcelain 0r some other heat resistant or insulating material around which is wound the coil |88 of resistance wire, the rod |29 and the bar |38 being separated from the shell and spaced within the metal shell |28 by an insulating powder |8|, such as for example the powder composed oi in whole or inA part of calcined magneslum oxide. y shells |28 (see Figure 4) are insulated from the shell |81 by the sleeve |82 and the washers |88. q

From. the more closely wound portion |85 oi the coil |88, a connecting wire extends through .'-a door through the connectcrelements |84 and this connecting wire is clamped upon a shelf' |41 at the end ofthe element |84 by the screw |89.

vThe plug |34 is provided with the cylindrical '5 portion |88. 'I'he shoulder` or shelf |81 Ior receiving the bus bar or contact strip |88 which is screwed thereto by the screws or bolts |89 which extend down to the panel I I8 and are held thereon by the nuts |89a.

As-shown in Figures 5'and 6, the heaterrods 18 are similarly provided with .shelved cylindrical members |88 carrying the bus bar |48 and this bar |48 is connected by posts I4|land the screws |42 (see Figure 6) onto the panel ||8.

The bus bar |88 in connection with the rods 11 (see Figure 5) is connected by similar posts |48 to the base plate I|8 and circuit connections |44 and |45 are respectively made to one each 'of said posts |4| and |48, which in turn supply the bus bars |48 and |88. 1

The supporting constructionjust described is the same at both sides of the panel structure M so that current may becaused to ilow between the opposite bus bars |88 and |48 through'the coils |88` as shown in Figure 4 to heat -the metallic shells |28 of the heater lrods 18 and 11.

Referring to Figure 4 because ci the insulating bar |24. the terminal |84 and the insulators |82 and |88, the heat. generated at the end of the jip-eased dwnwgrdly into the enclume' 75 shell |28, adjacentwhere it is inserted into the say six in number,

sigan recess |21 ofthe block m wmbe musulmana y at the middle portions of the shells |29 oi' the heater rods 19 and 11 so that it is desirable to wind the coil |39 more closely at |35 adjacent the ends thereof andadjacent the support blocks or bars |24, whereby a more uniform heat-distribution will be maintained over the entire length o!V the bar assuring that the two 'end heatersB placed upon each of the rods 19 and 11 will be equally heated with the intermediate groups '.oithreeheatersplaceduponeachoitheserods.

'Ihe cylindrical end portion |41 o!l the test heater rod 15 (see Figure 6) is connected directly to the posts |49, with its lower portion cut olf to about `the top of the post |49. The screw |49 screws into said. post through the end portion |41. The lower end of the post. as indicated at of when the heatersyB should be removed from the hair, as indicated at Figures 15 and 16.

'I'he time intervals will more fully appear in connection with the curves o! Figure 20.

|49 passes throughthe base board ||9 and isi..

. provided with the electrical connection |59.

The face plate 95, as shown best in Figure 3 is supported-,onthe posts |55 fitting in the recesses |59 in the bars |24 (see Figures 3 and 6) and also on theposts |51. The front and back oi' the recess between t-he blocks |24, |24' and |242 is enclosed by the front and rear walls 539 "and 53| (see Figure l). The plate 95 has a central squared opening |19, thewidth of which is` sut-| ilcient to permit the rods 19'and 11 to receive ve heaters ,B each oi the type as shown in Figures 11 and 12 and is provided with a smaller recess ITI at the top thereof to exposes. portion of the rod 15 which will be sumcient to permit said rod to receive two heaters B.

The lower part oi' the .face plate |12 provides a control and signal board which has aV button |13 operating the test rod 15, another button |14 for operating the group oi rods 19 and a third button |15 for operating the group oi rods 11. These three vbuttons |13, |14 and |15 can only be operatedone at a time by an arrangement which will be subsequently described in connection with the wiring diagram o! Figure 9 while the throw on button so that the heat `will bev applied only to the rod 15 Vor to the group' of rods 19 or the group of' rods 11'.

The throw out button ables the rods 15 or 19 is operating to be thrown out of operation.

ns (see i) enor -11, according to which The central panel |11 covers a central opening in the lower portion |12 oi the plate 95 behind which is pomtioned a series o! electric lights,

which electric lights respectively illumin'ate the red windows |13, |15 and |94,v said windows being respectively illuminated when the rods 15 or the rods 19 or thefrods 11 heated bywthe coils |39.:

Positioned alongside of the-red windows |19,

|19 and I 39 are the corresponding green windows |15', |19' and |99' (see Figure l) which become illuminated when' the red lights go out. I

`'l'hewiringcircultoIFlgure9whichistobe described, is so arranged that the lights |19 to |99 willautomatically be turned oi! when the reached the desired temperature and the green lights will then remain illuminated after the current is cutoil'irom the rods 15, 'Il and 11, until the rods will have cooled to such a low temperature thatthe heaters B thereon cannot be samsfswrny applied to a hair 'con as illustrated in Figures 16 and i7. I'he green through the conductor 221 to ists only long enough 'lights indicate to the operator the period when the 'heaters maybe applied to the hair coils.

il] which fispositioned alongside o!V the central pani-T111 enables a indication 75 225 bythe by-paas resistance zu As shown best in Figure 5, the six electric lights |92 which illuminate the red windows |19 -to |99 and the green windows |19' to |99'oi Figure 3 are received in the 'sockets |52 which sockets in turn are supported upon the base |94.

This base is supported by the brackets |95 from the main plate ilu and the lamps |92 are separated by the partitioning walls |49 so that they will individually illuminate one of the red or green windows |19 to |99 and |18' to |99'.

The thermostat |99 and relay devices |99 which are utilized in the circuit'are-also carried upon a board |41 which is supported by thehracl'retl |39 from the main base ||9.

The thermostat .elements may be of various types and for example. as shown in Figures '1 and 8 or Figures 18 and 19 and theirstructures and operation will be more fully described. The remay be of'conventional structure. Referring to Figure 9, the` rods 15, 15 and 11 arc respectively provided with circuit connections |59, |44 and |45, the circuit connections |.44 and |59 leading to the bus bars |49 and |39 respectively.

The other side of the bars 1 spectively connected bythe leads 2|9, 2|| and 2|2 to the main conductor 2|9 which returns onel side of the electrical source 2|4.

5, 19and 11 are re- The other side of the electrical sourcev 2|4 sup- 2|9 is open.

29 and 22 |l y is provided with three closed contacts 2|93, 229a and 22|3.

When the button |13 Vis .depressed tooperate the test rod 15 the contacts 22|)2 and 22| which 'are on the circuit oi the rods 15 and 11 will be opened and the contact 2|9 will be closed.

The opening of the contacts 2292 and 22|' will prevent heating of the rods 19 and 11 when the rod'15 is being heated.

.The closure o i the contact 2|9 on the other hand. will establish a circuit through the .conductors 222 and 222 through the coil 225 and conductor 224 to' contacts 219' ot button |14.

Then from the contact 2|9 the current will ilow to andfthroughthe contact 2|9z which will be closed when the button |15 has not been derh to .thFromtathtecxaitact 2|9I -the current will ow e con c which will remain when the throw oil' closed operated.

From the contact 2|53 the current will llow the thermostat |99 ang from i:lhhthexmostat |99 to the lead 234 an back e source of ener `2|4 the conductor 2|3. .4 gy mush The ow of current Just traced. however, ex-` to 229`of the relay 199,"thus closing the main circuit from th conductor 2|94 through the switch to the source 214. Y 9| 59 thus closed. however. will assure continued energizationot the solenoid coil 4,are also respectively probutton |19 has not heen 'Pick up the armature lconductor |59. the heater rods 15 and and the concontinue to move place when the rod The ends oi the leai structures 240 and A242 of l the thermostat |99 (see Figure 8) are provided respectively with down turned and upturned endA fingers 25| and 252 which contact' with the end oi' the adjusting screws The center leaf structure 24| `is made of thermostatic bimetallic construction and vis much stronger in its resilient action so that when it is in extreme positions it will force the fingers 25| and 252 oil'. their adjusting screws 253 andi" 255 as indicated by the space 253 in Figure 1a.

As indicated in Figure-8, and also in Figure 9, when the coil 233 starts to heat concurrently move together with 4the contacts 249 closed to maintain a circuit to energize the solenoid 225 and close the relay |89. In four to ilve minutes the leaf structure 24| will lhave moved suf-- ficiently so that the nger 25I'wi1l come in contact with the end or stopping movement of the leaf structure 245.

However, the bi-metallic structure 24| will toward the leaf structure 242 which is stopped against the end ofthe screw 255, to close the contact 259.

The adjustment of the screw 253 and 255 should be such that as soon as the contacts 243 have separated then the contacts 25|! will be lclosed and referring to Figure 9, this operation 253 and4 255.- These screws are supported in the brackets 254 and 255.

the adjusting screw l253` rings a bell. as shown, which videdl if desired.` the heaters oi' Figures l1 and 12 are removed from the hair coils, as shown in Figures 15, 16 and replaced in the same order on the rods 15.

As indicated in Figure 2liI the -solid curve 255I diagrammatically represents the change in temperature of the senil-cylindrical elements 44 of the heaters oi' Figures 1l and 12 while the dotted curve 253' represents the temperature of the hair l coil.

As soonas and as long-as the solenoid 225 has been energized the switch 228 forming part of the relay |33 will be closed completing the circuit o! the heater rod 15 across the contacts 229 l and 235.

The current will also ilow in parallel with the heater rodv 15 across the conductor 232 ,which v20 with the rod 15 the structures 249 and 24| will liorming'part of the thermostat construction |93.'

The construction |90 of Figure 9 is shown in will extinguish the red signal |13 and'connect the conductor 251 to the conductors 234 and 2|3 illuminating the green signal |19'. l

The opening oi the contacts 249 should take 219 has been heated to the proper temperature to the operators oifthe machine (see Figures l to 5) that the heaters on the rods 15 have been elevated to the proper temperature for application to the pad enclosing the -coil oi'. hair as in Figures 15 and .16.

Since no further current has-been supplied to the rod 15 and to the resistance element 233 oi the thermostat |99, the temperature will begin to fall and as soon as this occurs the bi-met'allic structure 24| will move, back to original position as shown in Figure 8, with the contacts 253 'closed until the ringer 252 strikes the .end of the' adjusting screw 255.

Since the bi-metallic structure A24| will continue to move toward the position of Figure 8 the contacts 250 will be separated opening the circuit across the green signal |13' which will give an indication to thel operator oi the machinevof Figures l to 5 that the heating clamps of Figures 1l and l2 are` now at too low a temperature to l .be used in permanent' hairwaving operation,

In the meanwhile, when the operator has removed the heaters from the rods 15, he will be able to set the clock |3I to a desired number of minutes oi --streaming time and when the clock say between 700 and 800 degrees F. The opening of the contacts 249 will 229 to open and cuttingof! will illuminate the red signal |19v and through the resistance 233 and the conductor 234 to the other side o! .the circuit 2|4 said resistance 233 detail in Figures '1 and v8 and it consists of an insulated base 235 which is screwed at 235 to lthe base |41 (see Figure '1).

The base carries the Z-brackets 231 and 233 which are screwed at, 239 and 244 to said base 235 and at their upper ends are provided with connections 258 to the resistance heater-,233

which is circuited across the conduits |53 and 234, as shown in Figure 9. j

Directly under the resistance -heater 233 are the spring lea! constructions 240 24| and 242 which are normally in the position as shown in Figures 'la and 8 when-cold. The spring construction 24| may include bi-metallic elements, as may also the constructions 240 and 242.

The `leaf structures 240, 24| and 242 are mounted at 259 and clamped together with insulating separators 255 by the bolts 25|.

'Ihe leaf structures 240, 24| and 242 are respectively connected to the binding posts 243, 244 and 245 as shown in Figure 8. structures 240 and 24| are adapted to be electrically connected by the contacts 249'while the leafi structures 240 and 242 are adapted to be connected by the contacts-259. The center leaf structure 24| is also preferably provided swith radiating ns -not shown or other radiating means to assure that it will cool down sufilcientiy rapidly to correspond to the rate or cooling oi I 'the heaterV rod 15 and the heaters thereon.

It will be noted that in Figure 20 ythe thermostat of Figures 7 and 8 is adjusted so that the current will be on ior about four minutes pre-l At the sametime, the green light |19' will light.v

for auch a period until the heater rods 15 or the heat storing elements 44 thereon, as indicated in Figures 11 and-12 will have fallen in temperature so that-they may no longer be satisfactorily' utilized for waving hair.'

-As indicatedin Figure 20, the heating is discontinued when the temperature oi the -heat'er 44. increases to '|00 degrees F. or above and when the current is then`turned.oi! by the thermostat the temperature will increase'ior s. short while and then will rapidly drop, a sufllciently high temperature above `'100 degrees F., however,-

as indibeing maintained for about two minutes cated by the green signal.

may be provided Atherein or lights a light which may also be pro- The leaf VAs soon as each of the heaters of Figures 11 and l2 have been removed from the rod 15 and placed upon the hair coil, their temperature will drop very rapidly as shown by the curve 258 in Figure 20 land at 'the same time, temperature of the hair coil will abruptly be raised to the steaming temperature, as shownV `by the dotted curve 259` which steaming temperature may be maintainedV for a period of time which may vary with the character of hair from between one to three minutes. y

The test rod holding tw'o heater devices, as shown in Figures 11 and 12 enables a testing of a strand of hair which will determine the best heating period for the entire head of yhair.

It will be noted in referring to Figure that the temperature curve B of the heaters il and l2 is so controlled that the hair will be substantially raised tothe steaming temperature of 212 degrees well within the nrst twenty seconds and maintained at such temperature, for substantially a minute and a half. When the steaming has been completed. the heater B of Figures 11 and 12 is removed from the rodf15`. l

'The pad of Figure 14 is then removed lfrom the hair coil and the hair coil is permittedto cool while tightly coiled upon the curling rod 29 as indicated at Figures 15 and 16 before it is un-wound therefrom so that it will attain a permanent wave effect. l

The process just described in connection with the test rod 15 may be -repeated in connection with the groups 16 and 11, similarly functioning parts being indicated by the samer numerals primed in the wiring diagram of Figure 9.

In connection with the heating rods 16, the' button |14 when depressed will. close the normally open contact 220 and open the contact 2|9' and 22|, This will energize the solenoid |89 and close theswitch 220 whereuponelectric currentwill` flow through the coils and the heater rods 15. the opening of the contacts 2|8' and 22|* preventing closing of the switches 228 and AA1; the' same time, the red signal 11s wm iight and when the rods 1E have been heated to the jproper temperature the contact 249' will open,

as indicated in Figures 15 and 16.

It has been found that this operation of taking oil' the 15 heaters B from the rods 1.and applying them to the hair will take about one minute.

At the start oi' the operation, the clock Ill is operated to ring at the end o! the desired steaming time determined by the test previously described 'iwhich steaming time, for example, may be about three minutes).

AAs soon as the clock |8| rings indicatingthe steaming time is up, the operator then removes the heaters B in `the same order from the hair coilsas said heaters B were placed thereon. g

By removing the heaters-.trom the rods 16 and then re-placing them on the rods" in the same hair and replaced on the .been removed from the` mittedto cool to room temperature, as indicated in Figure 20, by the dotted curve.

'I'he other 15 coilsof hair are then processedin the same manner by heaters B raised to temperature on rods 11.

The heating of the rods 11 may be initiated by pressing the button |15 to close the contact 22| and open the contacts 2 I92 and V22|l', the latter,l preventing simultaneous closure of the switches 228- and 228'. l

Only one of the rods or group of rods 15, 15,

11 may be heated at one time in view of the fact the buttons |13, |14 and |15 in closing their own v circuits simultaneously open the circuits oi' the them upon the coils ofhair enclosed in the pad order. assurance is had that each coil of hair "[5 I other groups.

f The red signals |81, indicate when the rods |19 and isn respectively the-"rods 15 to 11 have been raised to proper temperature soA that the heaters B may be removed therefrom and applied to the hair coils.

The throw off button |16 controls contacts 2 |93, 22|)a and 22 i3 which normally remain closed, but which,g .when open, will throw out the relay switches 228, 22B or 2252.

It is, of course, apparent that each one of the heater rods might be provided with an individual control as test rod 15 or the rods 15 to 11 could be arranged in other groupings to carry a smaller or larger number of heaters than two for the rods 15 or 15 each for the groups of rods 1s and 11. v

It has been found, however, in commercial practice that the grouping as set forth herein is most satisfactory and lends itself to the convenience of the operator of the hair waving machine.

The wiring diagram of Figure 17 is substantial-l ly the same as that of Figure 9 except that the thermostatic arrangement of Figures i8 and 19 is utilized in lieu of the thermostatic arrangement o f Figures 'l and 8.

Identical parts on Flgure1'7 as on Figure 9 are indicated by the same numerals as on Figure 9.

The thermostat of Figures 18 supported from the base sleeves 35| which are attached tothe base by screws 531. The thermostat construction per se isprovided with the opposite contact carrying plates 302, 35! which Varespaced apart by the sleeves 538. said sleeves receiving the bolts 53,5 which screw into the mounting sleeves 30|.

Between the contact plates SI2 and 303, is posito 19 is normally honed' the iii-metallic' thermostauc plate m'.

The thermostatic plate 504' at its adjacent periphery is provided with studs 545 which carry the 4contact plates 54|.

Thebi-metallic plate 354 carries one plate 54| at one side to cooperate with the contacts III and three plates 54| at the other side to coop-y erate with the contacts 3H. lli' and SI2,

The contacts Ill, bestshown in Figures 18a 15 to 11 are being heated andthe green signals |18' to |80' indicate when 30B by the mountingl respective rods I resistances 3|1 to 'Y f |50 respectively.

posts am. The binding posts m are provided with the clamping screw 543. The insulating plates 541 are positioned between the leaves 544 and the base 'plate 302.

The recess 543 permits ready access to the studs 542 and lock nuts 543 to enable adjustment.

The binding posts contacts 3|2. respectively connected yto. one ofthe members of the pairs of contacts 3II and 3| Ia. The other contacts of the pairs 3|I and 3I|a are connected by the studs 555 (see Figures 18a and 18h) to the end leads of the resistance coil 3|1.

The studs 555, the coil 3I1, the posts ,305 and -305 and the contacts 3| I, 3| la and 3I2 areinsulated from the plate 303 by theinsulating discs -510 and 51|.

By the arrangement, as shown when the bimetallic plate 304 snaps away from the contacts 3| I, 3| Ia, and 3 I2 the resistance heating coil `3|1 will be entirely cut off from the circuit 2I5, 250 and the circuit through the main resistance heater 215 will be broken at two points at both sides oi the auxiliary resistance heater 3|1-.

The snap laction of the bi-metallic plate is ad- Justabie since the plate is supported at 555 by the threaded stud 551 which screws through'the outer plate 303 of the thermostat.

By loosening the lock nut 553 and applying a wrench to the squared end 553 oi the stud 551,

.305 areconnected to the The binding posts 305 are each simultaneously heated to the desired ture. v.

In the alternative wiring diagram of Figure 10, the rods 15, 13 -and 11 are controlled by means temperafof thermostatic bi-metallic plates 325, 325', 3252, 3253 which are respectively provided with the auxiliary heating coils 325, 325', 325. 3253. One of the higher resistance heating coils 325J of the plate 325a is connected in parallel or in shunt with each of the heating coils 325.323', 3253.

v' When heated to the predetermined temperature an adjustment of the bi-metallic plate 304 may be had.

As is apparent from an inspection of Figure 17,

when the circuits are closed by one of the buttons |13 to |15, the current will iiow across the respective contacts 3II and 3| Ia to energize the 15 to 11 and to light the respective red signals |15 and |50 which are arranged in parallel with said rods 15 to 11. v

It will be noted that .the thermostatic heating 3I1n in case of Figure 17 are arrangedin series with the heating rods instead oi.' in parallel therewithv as in Figure 9.

When the rods 15 to 11 .in-the diagram or ,Figure 17 have heated suiliciently, the resistance elements 3I1 to 3 I 12 will have sumciently raised the temperature ofthe bi-metallicplates 304 respectively to cause them to snap over into the opposite curvature from that indicated in Figure 17 and-close the contacts 3I3 cutting oi! the supply of electric current to the heater rods 15 to 11.

The closure `of the contacts 3I3 will cause the illumination of the green signals |13', I13' or As soon as the thermostats have cooled down, the thermostat plates 304 to 304 oi Figure 17 will -snap over to their initial positions, as indicated in Figure 17, to await another operation bythe push buttons |13 to |15.

It is,oi course, obvious the circuit connections.

as shown in Figures 9 and 17 may be varied so as to cut in a resistance into the circuit of the rods 15 to 11 and thus maintain them at the elevated temperature for a longer period of time and it is also possible to arrange the circuits so that the rods 1liv and 11 wi1l besuccessively or the plates 325 will snap over into the dotted line positions opening the circuit. l

.As'ingle relay construction 321 with the solenoid 323 and the switch 323 is employed, the par` ticular;v rod '.or group of rods to be'heated being determined by the manually actuated selector 'switch 330. This selector switchv 330 is adapted to establishconnectio'n with the contacts33|,

ul'. un respectively connected to themas 1s.

15 and 11.

There are two push buttons provided, the starting button 500 and-the throw out'button 50|. When the button 500 is closed it will cause energization of the solenoid 323 through the circuit 502, 503, the resistances 504, 505. the conductor 505, the thermostat 3253 and the conductor 501 back to the source. Energization o! the solenoid 328 after closure o1 the switch 323 through the conductors through the same course as previously described. The throw-out button 50| will act asa shunt across the solenoid 32B to enable de-energization thereof at any time.`

When the switch is in the position oi Figure 10, the rod 15 will be heated and the redA signal |15 in parallel with the rod 15 is illuminated until the resistance coil 325` heats up the thermostat plate 325 sumcientiy to cause it to snap over.

This will open the circuit through the rod 15 rent to W through the conductor 5|0 light ng 'the green signal and through the conductor 5|I and the respective coil 3253. V

As a.v result the plate 3253 will be heated and` in a short .time the plate will snap over into dotted line position de-energizing the relay solenoid 328 and opening the switch 323. This will happen before the plates 325, 325' or 3 25 have cooled suiilciently to snap back into solid line position. This opening of the switch 323 may also be accomplished at anyl time desired by closing the button connection 50|. The green signal |13 will then be extinguished.

To start the pre-heating again it is necessary to close the switch 300, when the plates 325 to 3253 have cooled and snapped back to their solid line positions, and after the rod or rods 15 to 11 to be heated have been selected by the switch 330.

or bosses at the ends Vof the Jaws l44 of the heaters might be 'conveniently arranged in rows in lieu of the rods 15 to 11. i

502, 500, the switch 323 and then to elevate such jaws to a f and then clamping the pad r viously heated metal surfaces.

' cutting on ments successively-from clamping them onto the enclosed hair It is apparent that many other variations and modiilcations might be made in the device as specifically described by way of illustration above and it is to be understood that the illustrative embodiments described therein have been set forth herein not by way of limitation, since it is intended to cover all such modications and variations within the` scope of the present invention.

In the thermostat ofI Figures 18 to 19, the heater coil Silimay also be placed outside of either plate 302 lor 303 to give a more fcontrolled heating eiiect, and if desired, the space between the plates 302 and 303 may be provided with an annular closure to decrease the cooling rate oi the disk 304.

What is claimed is: 1, A process of permanently waving womens hair which comprisesselecting a strand oi hair,V

clamping the strand .closely adjacent the scalp. winding the strand upon a curling rod until wound up to the place of clamping, enclosing the wound up strand in a moistened pad, preheating two metal surfaces to a desired elevated temperature to cause several minutes steaming o! the pad without additional heating, indicating when the surfaces have been heated andare being' maintained at said desired temperature,

`2. A process of permanently waving womens hair which comprises dividing the head into areas oi' desired size, position and shape, selecting strands from said areas, clamping the strands of hair closely adjacent the scalp, winding up the strands into' clamping, enclosing said coils in form retaining absorbent pads backed by metal foil, then heating a series oi' cylindrical metal elements indicating the duration of the heatingperiod and also when the metal elements have been suiliciently heated, thereupon automatically'cutting i oi! the current, removing said metal elements successively from the heater device and clamping them onto the enclosed coils, indicating 'when the metal elements should be removed from the hair coils and successively removingthem from said coils and replacing them in the same order in the heater device and then removing" the pads Y to permit the hair coils to cool.

3. A process of permanently waving womens hair which comprises dividing the head into areas of desired size, position and shape, selecting strands from said areas, clamping the strands oi' hair closely adjacent the scalp, winding up the strandsvinto tight coils up to the place oi' clamping, enclosing said coils in iorm retaining absorbent pads backed by metal foil, then heating a series of cylindrical metal elements by a heater device, indicating the heating period and also indicating when the metal elements have between the prev absorbent pads backed by metal foil, then heat-- areas o! desired size, position and shape, selecting strands from said areas, clamping the strands hair which campuses dividing the head into of hair closely the strands clamping, enclosing said coils in form retaining adjacent the scalp, winding up ing a series of cylindrical metal elements, indicating the heating period and also indicating when the metal elements have been sufficiently heated, thereupon automatically cutting oi! the current, removing said metal elements successively from the heater device and clamping them onto the enclosed coils, indicating when the metal elements should be removed from the hair coils and successively removing them from said coils and replacing them in the same order in the heater device and then. removing the pads to permit the hair coils to cool, said indicating being achieved by actuating visual signals.

5. A process of permanently waving womens hair which comprises dividing the head into areas 4 of desired size, position and shape, selecting strands from said areas. clamping the strands of hair closely adjacent'the scalp, winding up the strands into tight coils up to the place of clamping, enclosing said coils in form vretaining absorbent pads backed by metal foil, then heating a series of cylindrical metal elements, indieating the heating period and also indicating when the metal elements have been suiliciently heated. thereupon automatically cutting ofi' the l current, removing said metal elements succestight coils up to the place of been sufciently heated. thereupon automatically the current, removing said metal elethe heater device and enclosed coils, indicating when the metal elements should be removed from the hair coils and successively removing them from said coils and replacing them in the same order in the heater device and then removing the pads to permit the hair coils'to cool, said heater device vheating said metal elements in groups and'said elements being placed upon`the coils successively and removed in the same order in said groups.

4. A process oIJfpermanently waving womens sively from the heater device and ,clamping them onto the enclosed coils, testing the character of the hair to determine the length of timesaid elements should be applied and when they should be removed, indicating when the metal elements should be removed from the hair coils and successively removing them from said coils and replacing them in the same order in the heater device and then removing the pads to permit the hair coils to cool. Y

6. A process of permanently waving women's hair which comprises dividing the head into areas of desired size, position'and shape, selecting a number oi' test strands irom certain oi' said areas, clamping the strands of hair closely adjacent the scalp, winding up the strandsinto tight coils up to the place of clamping, enclosing said coils in form retaining absorbent pads backed by metal foil, then heating the same number o! cylindrical metal elements, indicating the heating period and also indicating when the metal elements have been sumciently heated, thereupon automatically cuttingn ofi' the current, applying the heated metal elements tothe test strands for difi'erent'periods to determine vthe proper length of the heating period, then clamping, winding and enclosing the strands from the remaining areas as previously described and heati ing an'd indicating the remaining metal elements as aforedescribed, then removing said metal elements successively from the heater device and clamping them. onto the enclosedcoils, indicating when the metal elements should be removed' from the hgirr'coils and successively removing them from said coils and replacing them Vin the same order in the heater device and then removing the pads to permit the hair coils,to cool. 7. An electrical preheater comprising an obliquely disposed ly-faclng recess receiving a plurality of parallelly disposed rods, each enclosing an electrical resistance coil. said rodsreceivinga plurality jot into tight coils up to the place ofpanel board with 'aniupward-f o obliquely disposed `panel applied to the hair said groups. i

` when said heaters are applied to coils'of hair to be waved.

8. An electrical preheater comprising an obliquely disposed panel board with an upwardly-iacing recess receiving a plurality of parallelly disposed rods, each enclosing an' electrical resistance coil, said 'rods receiving a plurality of heaters, each provided withtwo elongated partial vcylindrical bulged jaw members consisting of a heat storing metal alloy, said law members being provided with heat insulated handle members and with a spring biasing said iawmembers together. each of said heating rods including a cylindrical metal shell, a porcelain rod therein carrying a resistance coil and an insulating materialbetween the coil and the shell.

9. An electrical preheater comprising an obliquely disposed panel board with an upwardly-iacing recess receiving a plurality of parallellyv disposed rods, each enclosing anelectrical resistance coil, said rods receiving a plurality of heaters, each provided with two tial cylindrical jaw members consisting of a heat storing metal alloy, said Jaw members being provided with heat insulated handle members and with a spring biasing said jaw members together,

elongatedV parthe coil o! each of said heating'rods being electrically insulated from the shell, said lcoil being wound more closely adjacent the ends of the shell.

i0. An electrical preheaterv comprising an obliquely disposed panel board with an upwardly-facing recess receiving a plurality of parallelly disposed rods, each enclosing an electrical resistance coil, said rods receiving a plurality-of heaters, each provided with two elongated partial cylindrical Jaw members consisting of a heat storing metal. alloy, said Jaw members being profor heating of the heaters to be successively apstand to besupported upon the floor,

plied to the hair during a' permanent waving operation. and manual switch means to initiate supply of electrical energy to said rods to heat the same provided with a circuit arrangement to. enable only one group to be heated at a time. 13. Ari-electrical pre-heater for heaters to be used in permanent hair waving comprising a an obliquecarrying controls at the ly disposed panel board carrying at the upper lower portion thereof and portion thereof a plurality of elongated electrical resistance heater rodsv to receive the heaters,

- oti'current to said vided with heat insulated handle members and with a spring biasing said jaw members together. and Vsignal means to indicate the heating period and another signal to indicate when said rods have been heated to properv temperature.

l1. An electrical preheater comprising an l board with an upward-l ly-facing recess receiving a plurality of parallelly disposed rods, each enclosing an electrical resistance coil, said rods receiving a plurality of heaters, each provided with two elongated partiall cylindrical jaw members 'consisting of a heat storing metal alloy, said jaw members being provided with heat insulated handle members and with a spring biasing said jaw members together,

tsaid rod and an inert illler each including a metallic shell. a porcelain rod supported therewithin, a heating coil wound on said shell, means for supplying electrical current to saidcoil and means for automatically cutting o coil when the heaters have been raised to a predetermined temperature, said rods being horizontally and parallelly i4. An electrical pre-heater for heaters to bel used in permanent hair' 'waving comprising a stand to be supported upon the floor, an obliquely disposed panel board carrying controls at the lower portion thereof and carrying at the upper portion thereof a plurality of resistance heated rods to cooperate with said heat storing and transferring heaters to be ilrst placed on the rods and then on clamped coils of hair enclosed in pads, said rods being arranged in groups to be separately elevated to desired temperature, vone group to receive test heaters and the other series to receive heaters tobe used in thewaving operation, said rods-being horizontally and parallelly disposed. i

l5. An electrical pre-heater for heaters to be used inpermanent hair waving comprising a stand to be supported upon the-floor, an obliquely disposed panel board carrying controls at the lower portion thereof and carrying at the upper portion thereof a plurality of resistance heater elements to receive the heaters, a manual control to enable supply of current thereto, an automatic control to cut of! the current when the Y heaters have been'elevated to proper tempera-- ture and signals vto indicate when the current is on and ofi.

1B. An electrical pre-heater heaters to be used in comprising a stand to for preheating `permanent hair waving be supported upon the iioor, an obliquely disposed panel board carrying said rods being arranged in groups, one group being for test purposes and other groups being for the heating of the heaters to be successively during a permanent waving operation, and means for successively heating 12. An electrical preheater comprising anobliquely disposed panel board with an upwardly-facing recess receiving a plurality of parallelly disposed rods, each enclosing an electrical resistance coil'. said rods receiving a plurality of heaters, each provided with two elongated par-` tial cylindrical Jaw members consisting vof a heat storing metal alloy, said jaw members being provided with heat insulated handle members and with aspring biasing said jaw members together, said rods being arranged in groups, one group being for test purposes and' ther groups beins controls at the lower portion thereof andcarrying at the upper portion thereof a lplurality of resistance vheater rod elements to receive the heaters, a manual control to enable supply of current thereto and an automatic control to cut off the current when the elements have been elevated to proper temperature, said heater elements being arranged so as to enable independent heating thereof, whereby separate elements may be successively raised to the desired elefvated temperature'.

'17. An electrical pre-heater for preheating heaters to be used in permanent hair wavingv comprising a stand to be supported upon'the floor, an obliquely disposed panel board carrying controls at the lower portion thereof and carry,-A ing at the upper portion' thereof a plurality of resistance heater rod elements to receive the heaters, a manual control to current theretoV and an automatic control oil the current when the heaters have'been eleand signals autobetween said coil and enablesupply of W Wt.

matically actuated to indic is on and has been cut off.

18. A hair waving pre-heater comprising-a stand, a panel Eonstruction carried by said stand adjacent the upper portion thereof, said panel carrying a plurality oi.' heater receptorsior said heaters to enable preheating of'saidheaters and a control board provided with manual means to permit energization of a receptor or selected group of receptors and preheating of the heaters thereby and also provided with means to indicate when the receptors are being energized and when the heaters have cooled. i

19. A hair waving preheater for hair waving heaters comprising a stand, a panel construction carried by said stand adjacent the upper portion thereof, said panel carrying a plurality of heater receptors tor said heaters to enable preheating of said heaters and a control board provided with manual means to permit energizaf tion of a receptor or selected group of receptors and preheating oi' the heaters thereby and also provided with means to indicate when the reg ceptors are being energized and when the heaters have cooled, said heater receptors each including a rod with a metallic shell and electric ate when the current heating resistance in said metallic shell and electrically insulated from said shell, the winding of said coil being closer at the ends o! said rod than in the middle portion of said rod.

20. A hair waving pre-heater for hair waving heaters comprising a. stand, a panel construcf tion carried by said stand portion thereof, said panel carrying a plurality of'heater receptors for said heaters to enable preheating of said heaters and a control board provided with manual means to permit energizetion o i a receptor or selected group of receptors and preheating of the heaters thereby and also provided with means to indicate when the receptors are being energized and when the heaters have cooled, saidv panel construction being obliquely disposed and being provided with a recess receiving said heater receptors land an insulating panel positioned behind said heater receptor and thermostatic and relayswitch controls carried by said insulated panel.`

adjacent the upperheaters to be used for permanent hair waving comprising a plurality ot heater receptors adapted to be contacted by said heaters, means to support said receptors, means to optionally raise the temperature oi selected receptors so that the heaters which are incontact therewith will be raised to and maintained within a predetermined operative temperature Arange for permanently waving hair on the human head, indicating meansto show said heaters are approaching but have not yet reached said temperature range, and indicating means to show said heaters within said temperature range.

l 24. An electrical apparatus for preheating heaters to be used for permanent hair waving comprising a plurality of heater receptors adapted to be contacted by said heaters, means to support said receptors. means to optionally raise the temperature of selected receptors so that the heaters which are in contact therewith willbe raised vto,and maintained within a predetermined operative temperature range for permanently waving hair on thev human head, means to prevent heating of any receptors other` than said selected receptors, indicating means to show said heaters are approaching but have not yet reachedV be raised to and maintained within a predetermined operative temperature range for permanently waving hair on the human head, means to automatically render said heating means ineiIec tive when said heaters have reached said temperature range, indicating means1 to show said heaters are approaching but have not yet reached said temperature range, and indicating means to 45 show said heaters are remaining within said tem- 21. An electrical apparatus for preheating heaters to be used for permanent hair waving comprising a plurality ot heater receptors adapted to be contacted by said heaters, means to support said receptors, means to raise the temperature of said receptors so that the heaters which are in contact therewith will be raised to and maintained at a predetermined operative temperature for permanently waving hairon the human head, indicating means to show said heaters are approaching but have not yet reached said temperature, and indicating means to show said heaters are remaining at said temperature..

22. An electrical apparatus for preheating heaters to be used for permanent hair waving comprising a plurality oi' heater receptors adapted to be contactedby said heaters, means to support said receptors, means to raise the 'tempera-- ture of said receptors so that the heaters which are in contact therewith will be raised to and maintained within a predetermined operative temperature range for permanently waving hair on the human head, indicating means to show said heaters are approaching but have not yet reached said, temperature range, and indicating means to show said heaters are remaining within said temperature' range.

23. an electrical apparatus for preheating render said electrical heating perature range.

26. An electrical apparatus for preheatingheaters to be used i'or permanent hair waving comprising a plurality of heater receptors r adapted to be contacted by said heaters, means to .receptors so that theheaters which are in contact therewith will be raised to and temporarilyv maintained within a predetermined operative temperature range for permanently waving hair on the human head, vmeans means inefl'ective when said heaters have reached said temperature range, indicating means to show said heaters are approaching but have not yet reached said temperature range, and indicating means to show l said heaters are remainin within saidv temperature range.

27. AnA electrical apparatus for xix-cheatingl heaters to lbe used forpermanent hairvwaving comprising a plurality of heater receptors adapted to be contacted b y said heaters, means to support said receptors, heating means to raise the temperature of` said receptors so that the heaters which are in contact therewith will `be raised to a predetermined operative temperature range for permanently waving hair ,on the. human head, means to automatically render said heating .means ineffective when said heaters have reached are remaining to automatically said temperature range, additional heating means' to heat said receptors alter said first named heat- .l ing means has been rendered ineffective so that A heaters to .be used for -permanent hair waving 'comprising Aa plurality of heater receptors said heaters, said readapted to be contacted by and a portion interceptors having end portions mediate said ends, said intermediate portion having an electrical resistance, said end poions ceptors, means to raise perature range,

having fan electrical resistance which is greater per unltlength than that of the resistance of said intermediate portion, means to support said retact therewithwill be raised-to and maintained within a predetermined operative temperature.

range for permanently waving haii on the human head, indicating means lto show said heaters are l approaching but have not yet reached said temand indicating means to show said heaters are remainingv within said temperature range.

' ALFRED EDMUND REIMERS.

G OTTHARD FREUDENBERG.

the temperature of said receptors so that the heaters which are in con- 

